Fix a probability space \((\Omega, \mathcal{F}, P)\). Let \(X: \Omega \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be a random variable with respect to \(\mathcal{F}\). Let \(\mathbb{E ...

ABSTRACT: Testing the equality of percentiles (quantiles) between populations is an effective method for robust, nonparametric comparison, especially when the distributions are asymmetric or ...

Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of Mean-Variance Theory (MVT) and Safety - First model with SP/A criterion utilizing Non-Fungible Tokens and Collectibles in the crypto market. The ...

Essential concept of Generalization Theory and the Bias-Variance Trade-off using RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) to evaluate model performance. Visuals and hands-on tasks demonstration on how to ...

Probability theory is indispensable in computer science: It is at the core of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which require decision making under uncertainty. It is integral to CS theory ...