Implementations are for learning purposes only. They may be less efficient than the implementations in the Python standard library. Use them at your discretion.

Let's create a simple MCP server that exposes a calculator tool and some data: Classes without type hints cannot be serialized for structured output. Only classes with properly annotated attributes ...

Python, like most other programming languages, has special operators for performing bitwise operations on data. A bitwise operation is an operation that is applied to individual bits of some object.

In each case, the left-hand side evaluates to something falsey (empty sequence or empty set), so the result is that first falsey value. Python never bothers to evaluate anything on the right-hand side ...