People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

Canada: Researchers have reported that a closed-loop insulin delivery system significantly improves glucose control during ...

People using a hybrid closed-loop system are more likely to have better HbA1c levels than those using open-loop therapies, a new study has indicated. Researchers from the German Center for Diabetes ...

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets like ...