Observational research is core to drug development, helping researchers understand the natural history of diseases and the real-world impact of treatments on patients. Observational studies frequently ...

Introduction: This study aims to discuss and assess the impact of three prevalent methodological biases: competing risks, immortal-time bias, and confounding bias in real-world observational studies ...

Comparative effectiveness research increasingly is being recognized as a priority area in cancer research. Although researchers have been conducting comparative effectiveness research for decades, ...

Observational studies are critical in evaluating the long-term safety and effectiveness of new therapies on patients’ lives. However, two major shifts are significantly changing the research ...

Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland There is a growing body of evidence proving that observational learning, in addition to classical conditioning and ...