Abstract: The late-time evaluation of electromagnetic (EM) field quantities yielded by convolution integrals that combine Green’s functions available at discrete time samples and strictly causal ...

Dynamic systems involving convolution integrals with decaying kernels, of which fractionally damped systems form a special case, are non-local in time and hence infinite dimensional. Straightforward ...

Boundary integral equations (BIEs) have emerged as a powerful framework for modelling wave propagation, particularly in problems defined over unbounded or complex domains. By reformulating partial ...

Triple integrals extend the concept of integration to three dimensions, allowing us to calculate volume, mass, and other important properties of three-dimensional regions. While the basic idea of ...

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we perform a comprehensive explanation of the geophysical inversion of gravity data, as well as, how it can be used to determine the Moho undulation and the crustal structure.