How does Layer-1 finalize rollup state? Learn how smart contracts verify state roots using Fraud Proofs and Validity Proofs ...

OKX, the fourth-largest crypto exchange, said its new layer-2 blockchain, called X Layer, has gone live on its public mainnet, a continuation in the era of major crypto companies starting their own ...

The Mission Command on The Move (MCOTM), left, M-SHORAD Human Integration Machine (HMI), center, and SGT STOUT, right, coordinate the next moves during Project Convergence-Capstone 5 (PC-C5) on Fort ...

Why do ZK-Rollups use Layer-1 only for verification? Learn how separating execution from settlement ensures security, ...

At the core of blockchain networks lies a fundamental architectural principle called layering. Layering in blockchain refers to organizing different functionalities and protocols into separate layers, ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about how fintech is disrupting the financial industry in Asia. While blockchain technology promises transparency and ...

S-layers are two-dimensional (2D) protein arrays that are frequently found on the surface of bacteria and archaea. Genetic analysis reveals a wide diversity of genes that encode S-layer proteins (SLPs ...

Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

The US SDA has disclosed the awarding of four agreements to produce 72 satellites for its Tracking Layer Tranche 3 initiative ...

Accurate estimation of the ionosphere is essential for reliable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, timing, and space weather applications. A key challenge lies in converting slant ...