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Geometrical optics/ray optics is primarily an optics model that describes light propagation in terms of rays without considering quantum effects, polarization, diffraction, and interference. In ...

Abstract: The traditional view of geometrical optics as the ray-tracing procedure for the design of mirror, prism, and lens systems of uniform optical components, has become enlarged in recent years.

Abstract: This chapter presents the details of the physical optics approximation for PEC surfaces. The phenomena of electromagnetic wave radiation, propagation, reflection, and transmission exhibits a ...

We present a systematic derivation of three mathematical models of increasing complexity for optical design, based on Hamilton’s characteristic functions and conservation of luminous flux, and briefly ...

THE revised edition of Prof. SouthalPs text-book of geometrical optics, in addition to a number of new problems scattered throughout the book, contains an important new chapter at the end of the ...