As stated above, most Linux distributions ships with Python by default. If it is not installed already, you can install it using the distribution's package manager. Here I have included the steps to ...

It's possible the work in #6 will fix the issue, but I don't know why FindPythonLibs would fail to find python when python3-dev is installed. Does a minimal CMake project have the same issue?

this is possibly an upstream cmake issue, but in affects in particular users of a brewed python. I'm on Mavericks and have brewed python 2.7.6 and brewed cmake 2.8.12 ...