NEARLY five years have passed since we noticed a small pamphlet by the authors of (ii.), together with treatises on the calculus of Messrs. Buckingham (Chicago) and Clark (Cincinnati), and we then ...

In this paper we show that it is possible to integrate functions with concepts and fundamentals of Paraconsistent Logic (PL). The PL is a non-classical Logic that tolerates the contradiction without ...

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THIS little book deserves hearty welcome from those who are engaged in leading forward students to the higher mathematics; not so much as a substitute for any other work at present in use, but as ...

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Calculus, the mathematical study of continuous change, stands as a cornerstone of advanced mathematics and its applications. As you delve into this powerful branch of mathematics, you’ll discover a ...

The derivative is a basic concept of differential calculus. However, if we calculate the derivative as change in distance over change in time, the result at any instant is 0/0, which seems meaningless ...