School of Mathematics and Computer Science, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. School of Mathematics, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The ...

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. was investigated, where the parameters, and and the initial conditions are arbitrary positive numbers. Furthermore ...

Abstract: This note proposes a reaching law based on a difference equation with minima, for discrete-time sliding mode control, providing a solution that has properties of modified Gao’s reaching law ...

This chapter models the continuous time and discrete time linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems by their dynamic nature using differential and difference equations. A differential equation basically ...

For the conventional staggered-grid finite-difference scheme (C-SFD), although the spatial finite-difference (FD) operator can reach 2M th-order accuracy, the FD discrete wave equation is the only ...

Heat energy plays an essential role in numerous engineering applications, from thermal management in electronic devices to the design of efficient energy systems. Understanding and predicting the ...