Relapse to drug abuse is often caused by exposure to drug-associated cues that evoke craving. Therefore, disruption of the cue–drug memory can prevent relapse. Memories destabilize and become ...

Persistent physical symptoms have a high prevalence and a large impact for patients and society. To date, treatment effects for these symptoms are often limited. Nocebo effects (i.e., negative ...

Appetitive conditioning refers to the process of learning cue-reward associations and is mediated by the mesocorticolimbic system. Appetitive conditioned responses are difficult to extinguish, ...

Revised: This Reviewed Preprint has been revised by the authors in response to the previous round of peer review; the eLife assessment and the public reviews have been updated where necessary by the ...

Not revised: This Reviewed Preprint includes the authors’ original preprint (without revision), an eLife assessment, and public reviews. The authors attempted to replicate previous work showing that ...

Understand how to use a simple but effective training method to help calm your reactive dog. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

Counterconditioning can be the answer to retraining reactive dogs. I’m a dog behaviorist and still find the results almost magical, as do many dog owners I work with. If you’re one of many owners ...