When trading a portfolio of numerous underlyings, it can be very beneficial to know how one underlying moves in relation to another. Knowing this information can help us not only avoid adding ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Leslie Kramer is a writer for Institutional Investor, correspondent for CNBC, journalist for Investopedia, and managing editor for Markets Group. Correlation measures the linear relationship between ...

Spearman correlation would be easily supported by adding a ranked option to statistics.correlation(). It is appropriate for ordinal data or for continuous data that doesn't meet the linear ...

A two-stage predictive machine learning engine that forecasts the on-time performance of flights for 15 different airports in the USA based on data collected in 2016 and 2017. A system to recognize ...

Options pricing models all revolve around probability theory. Though the math is done for you by your trading platform, we believe that understanding the number crunching behind the scenes will ...