Abstract: Modular exponentiation in an abelian group is one of the most frequently used mathematical primitives in modern cryptography. Batch verification is an algorithm for verifying many ...

For this, the following basic recursive definition of the fractal is used, assuming the complex value C is the point being tested. The Mandelbrot set is traditionally defined for (a+bi) = 2. Base Case ...

Complex numbers are numbers that consist of two parts — a real number and an imaginary number. Complex numbers are the building blocks of more intricate math, such as algebra. They can be applied to ...

Abstract: This work presents the asymptotic expressions for bias and variance of nonlinear least squares estimate of the frequency separation of two complex exponents with additive stationary Gaussian ...