Driving my daughter to school, we were discussing a classic probability question: “What are the odds a 4‑digit license plate has at least one repeated digit?” Listing cases gets messy fast (first two ...

For board_start_mode = 1, the board should be arranged randomly as follows. Each cell is alive’ with probability ½ (and dead’ with the complement probability, that is, ½ as well). you can use the ...