a: Location of the caudal artery in a mouse (left) and a schematic cross-section of the mouse tail (right). The yellow arrow indicates the caudal artery along the tail. b: Comparison of fluorescence ...

Caudal epidural steroid injection (ESI) is an established treatment for spine-related problems, although reported success rates vary, largely as a result of incorrect placement of the needle. Use of ...

VATER association represents a cluster of Vertebral, Anal, Tracheo-Esophageal, Radial and Renal malformations, and caudal regression syndrome is an entity consisting of a spectrum of congenital ...