Recent advances in terahertz technology are significantly expanding the horizon of high-speed, high-frequency electronic and photonic systems. Positioned between microwave electronics and infrared ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

CMOS current mirrors are pivotal in modern electronic circuitry, providing accurate current replication that is essential for biasing, amplification and active loading in a myriad of integrated ...