Scientists have developed a new method to analyze the dynamical, out-of-equilibrium properties of complex disordered systems, such as gold with magnetic impurities or opinions spreading on social ...

In physics, a "disordered system" refers to a physical system whose components – e.g. its atoms – are not organized in any discernible way. Like a drawer full of random socks, a disordered system ...

Abstract: Many evolutionary algorithm (EA) based methods have been proposed to solve protein structure prediction (PSP) problem in HP-lattice model. One of common difficulties of those methods is the ...

Abstract: Since learning action selection strategy is time-consuming due to the reinforcement learning algorithm, a heuristic reinforcement learning algorithm is presented based on the state ...

A technique can determine for the first time how frequently, and exactly where, a molecular event called "backtracking" occurs throughout the genetic material (genome) of any species, a new study ...